MPH figures were furnished by Jim Freeze.

Calm less than 1 knot: Smoke rises vertically leaves do not stir. Drifting conditions. Heel the boat to reduce the wetted surface and enable the sails to assume an aerofoil shape. Make no sudden movements.

Light Air 1-3 knots (1.15-3.45 mph): Smoke drifts. Weather vanes do not respond. Sufficient to maintain gentle forward motion. Sails should be flattened. Crew balance boat to keep it slightly bow down and heeled to leeward.

Light breeze 4-6 knots (4.6-6.89 mph): Wind felt on the face. Leaves rustle. Light flags not extended. Weather vanes respond. Sufficient to sail at an even speed with the boat upright. Sails can be full but must be adjusted to changes in wind speed and direction.

Gentle breeze 7-10 knots (8.04-11.49 mph): Light flags extended. Leaves in constant motion. Most small boats will sail at hull speed. Planing possible. Ideal conditions for learner.

Moderate breeze 11-16 knots (12.64-18.38 mph): Most flags extended fully. Small branches move. Dust and loose paper may be raised. A learner's gale -- make for shore.

Fresh breeze 17-21 knots (19.53-24.13 mph): Small trees in leaf sway. Tops of all trees in noticeable motion. Ideal sailing conditions for experienced sailors. Capsizing common amongst the more inexperienced crews.

Strong breeze 22-27 knots (25.28-31.02 mph): Large branches in motion. Whistling heard in wires. Small-boat sailor's gale. Reef and only experienced sailors should go out.

Near gale 28-33 knots (32.17-37.92 mph): Whole trees in motion. Inconvenience felt when walking against wind. Remain on shore.

Gale 34-40 knots (39.07-45.96 mph): Twigs broken off trees. Rarely experienced on land. Small boats should be securely tied down to prevent them blowing away.